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Joined: Oct 2006 Gender: Female Posts: 52 Karma: 2
CHEMISTRY « Thread Started on Nov 5, 2009, 4:45pm »
POTASSIUM IS USED BECAUSE IT HAS GREATER SOLUBILITY.
The product of fats and lye being mixed are glycerin and soap. The water i nvolved in the process is just an agent for the lye to seperate the fats. A DIAGRAM OF SAPONIFICATION CAN BE SEEN IN DIAGRAM TWO:
ph:
The CO2 in the atmosphere gradually makes exposed damp surfaces mildly acidic: pH ~ 5-6. We're very well accustomed to that pH.
Alkaline stronger than pH 8, such as pH 10, is very irritating to the skin. Harsh soaps which bother us tend to do it that way.
Of course strong acids will hurt your skin too. But that's for pH's of 3 or lower. An acid needs to be pretty strong to bother skin.
Joined: Oct 2006 Gender: Female Posts: 52 Karma: 2
Re: CHEMISTRY « Reply #1 on Nov 5, 2009, 4:59pm »
Qualitive elements that extennuate good SOFTNESS: Softness really depends on the use of the elements in the soap, for example the use of palm oil and potassium hydroxide in conjunction with eacother would produce a soap that is softer than if Sodium Hydroxide was used.
LEAVING HANDS MOISTURIZED: many soaps now include moisturizers to keep hands moisturized after the cleaning process which not only removes dirt from hands but also removes the natural oil from skin leaving skin feeling dry. It is a highly aimiable quality for a soap to not leave hands feeling dry.
EASE OF REMOVAL: over adding of fats can lead to a soap that is hard to remove from the hands. this is called superfatting and leads to the use of all of the alkali so there are no alkali metals to continue to counteract the polar molecules. If a soap is easy to get off it means the soap is well made.
Joined: Oct 2006 Gender: Female Posts: 52 Karma: 2
Re: CHEMISTRY « Reply #2 on Nov 5, 2009, 5:09pm »
ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP: Is generally seen by the population as a good thing, to create an antibacterial soap generally an alcohol is added to kill bacteria on the hands, however natural elements such as tea-tree oil can be used to give a less harsh antibacterial qaulity.
Joined: Oct 2006 Gender: Female Posts: 52 Karma: 2
Re: CHEMISTRY « Reply #3 on Nov 5, 2009, 6:25pm »
ALAYSE RESULTS:
SAMPLE ONE: Our homemade soap scored the lowest in all of the tests. In the qualative tests sample one's softeness was considered on average the worst of the bunch and had the least pleasant texture to touch, generally it was lumpy and this was probably due to a lack of commercial processing and blending as all of the marketable bands scored higher in this qualative tests. Especially for softness and texture.
For the Drying effect the homemade soap was second only to advertised "High Antibacterial" soap. This could have been counteracted by adding moisturiser to the mixture, however the soap would have been harsh on the skin due to a more basic PH and the lack of replenishing materials in the soap to counteract the stripping of the oil from the skin in it's cleaning action.
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